Tracking Pixels in Emails: the Italian Garante Guidelines and a Comparison with the French CNIL Recommendations

On 17 April 2026, the Italian Data Protection Authority, the Garante, adopted the Guidelines on the use of tracking pixels in email communications (available here), currently pending publication in the Official Gazette. Around one month earlier, on 12 March 2026, the French Privacy Authority, the CNIL had adopted its own Recommendation on the same subject (available here), following a public consultation launched in June 2025.

ByEnila EleziApril 23, 20260Comments

Gaming Internet liability

Online Gambling and the European Accessibility Act – Regulatory Profiles in Italy and the EU

With the implementation of the European Accessibility Act in most of the EU countries (including Italy with the Legislative Decree No. 82 of 5 August 2022), a new phase has begun for the accessibility of digital services, including online gambling services, offered in the European market. This is a topic often underestimated but one that is beginning to produce effects even in highly digitized sectors such as remote gambling.

ByEnila EleziJune 19, 20250Comments

Data Protection & Cybersecurity

The EDPS Privacy Guidelines on Generative AI also Relevant to Private Entities

The guidelines of the EDPS on artificial intelligence (AI) and privacy are addressed to public entities, but will be relevant also for private entities.

ByEnila EleziJune 12, 20240Comments

Data Protection & Cybersecurity

Italian € 26.5 M GDPR Fine Cancelled by Court As Issued Too Late

The Court of Rome cancelled the GDPR fine of EUR 26.5 million issued by the Italian data protection authority against ENEL, one of the largest energy companies in the world because it was issued too late, after the expiry of the procedural terms.

ByEnila EleziJanuary 25, 20240Comments

Data Protection & Cybersecurity

Rules to Calculate GDPR Fines set by Italian Supreme Court

The Italian Supreme Court established some important principles on how to calculate GDPR fines and might have an impact also internationally.

ByEnila EleziOctober 18, 20230Comments

artificial intelligence bias legal issues

Technology

Artificial intelligence: the risk of a potential bias and the legal issues of potential discriminations

Artificial intelligence is increasingly an integral part of our daily lives, but at the same time it generates concerns, including legal issues, of a potential cognitive "bias", and the resulting discrimination of the algorithm.

ByEnila EleziJuly 20, 20230Comments

Data Protection & Cybersecurity

The first GDPR fine of the Garante against dark patterns: the importance of legal design

The Italian Privacy Authority, the Garante, has sanctioned the use of dark patterns to collect personal data for the first time under the terms of the GDPR.

ByEnila EleziJune 1, 20230Comments

Technology

EU Chips Act Agreed: An In-Depth Analysis of New EU Semiconductor Regulations and Their Significance in the Industry

The Chips Act has been agreed paving the way to the first European legislation on semiconductors that are crucial for our future.

ByEnila EleziMay 5, 20230Comments

Commercial Internet liability

Omnibus Directive implemented in Italy: What changes for online sales?

Italy adopted the decree implementing the Omnibus Directive with significant new obligations for eCommerce online sales and considerably increased sanctions.

ByEnila EleziMarch 22, 20230Comments

Internet liability

Italian laws on the accessibility of websites change with the AgID circular

With the AgID circular, the authority clarifies the scope of Italian regulations on the accessibility of websites under the so-called Stanca Law.

ByEnila EleziJanuary 24, 20230Comments